Ethical and Legal Issues of Interaction between a Defence Lawyer and a Prosecutor during the Criminal Trial

The institutions of the prosecution and defence are recognised as equitable related institutions that facilitate the activities of the judiciary. The consolidation of the new status of the institution of defence in the judicial system necessitates the study of new forms of communication between the defence and the court, the principles of such interaction, including the consideration of international standards and European experience. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that interaction between a defence lawyer and a prosecutor can only be within the framework of a court session and any exchange of information can be performed only if full publicity is achieved in the process of interaction between a defence lawyer and a prosecutor. The authors show that interaction is carried out through a judge and is completely personalised. Accordingly, the interaction should be implemented to influence the judge in the process of forming and passing an appropriate judgement. The authors determine that the such a judgement can be formed in the course of communication and the provision of certain arguments that a defence lawyer cannot communicate in advance and which can only be voiced during a court session. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of innovating the activities of a defence lawyer and increasing the appropriate level of perception on the part of the judge and, accordingly, the prosecutor as representatives of the institutions of justice

Giant piezoelectric response in textured piezoceramics with tetragonal tungsten bronze structure

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (research projects No. 3.1649.2017/4.6 and № 3.6439.2017)

The SPM methods application to the eventual piezoelectric properties of the PZT low-dispersed phases

Методами KPFM и PFM измерены пьезоотклик (PR) и потенциал поверхности синтезированного при низкой температуре мелкодисперсного поликристаллического твердого раствора PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3. Показано, что PR обусловлен пьезосвойствами вещества, а не электрострикцией.The low-dispersed powders of solid solution PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 were synthesizes at low temperature. Its electric potential and piezoresonce (PR) measured by the KPFM and PFM methods, proved the PR is caused by the piezoelectric properties and not the electrostriction.Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РФФИ № 17-02-00616А

Dielectric properties of PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 - PbTiO3 and BaNb2O6-SrNb2O6 solid solution ceramics sintered from mechanochemically synthesized nanopowders

This work was supported in part by RFBR (project 17-03-01293_a) and by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (research project 3.1649.2017/4.6)

Development of Ferroelectric Order in Relaxor (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 - xPbTiO3

The microstructure and phase transition in relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) and its solid solution with PbTiO3 (PT), PMN-xPT, remain to be one of the most puzzling issues of solid state science. In the present work we have investigated the evolution of the phase symmetry in PMN-xPT ceramics as a function of temperature (20 K < T < 500 K) and composition (0 <= x <= 0.15) by means of high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Structural analysis based on the experimental data reveals that the substitution of Ti^4+ for the complex B-site (Mg1/3Nb2/3)^4+ ions results in the development of a clean rhombohedral phase at a PT-concentration as low as 5%. The results provide some new insight into the development of the ferroelectric order in PMN-PT, which has been discussed in light of the kinetics of polar nanoregions and the physical models of the relaxor ferroelectrics to illustrate the structural evolution from a relaxor to a ferroelectric state.Comment: Revised version with updated references; 9 pages, 4 figures embedde

GRaNIE and GRaNPA: inference and evaluation of enhancer-mediated gene regulatory networks

Enhancers play a vital role in gene regulation and are critical in mediating the impact of noncoding genetic variants associated with complex traits. Enhancer activity is a cell-type-specific process regulated by transcription factors (TFs), epigenetic mechanisms and genetic variants. Despite the strong mechanistic link between TFs and enhancers, we currently lack a framework for jointly analysing them in cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks (GRN). Equally important, we lack an unbiased way of assessing the biological significance of inferred GRNs since no complete ground truth exists. To address these gaps, we present GRaNIE (Gene Regulatory Network Inference including Enhancers) and GRaNPA (Gene Regulatory Network Performance Analysis). GRaNIE (https://git.embl.de/grp-zaugg/GR aNIE) builds enhancer-mediated GRNs based on covariation of chromatin accessibility and RNA-seq across samples (e.g. individuals), while GRaNPA (https://git.embl.de/grp-zaugg/GRaNPA) assesses the performance of GRNs for predicting cell-type-specific differential expression. We demonstrate their power by investigating gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the response of macrophages to infection, cancer and common genetic traits including autoimmune diseases. Finally, our methods identify the TF PURA as a putative regulator of pro-inflammatory macrophage polarisation

The piezoresponse force microscopy study of lead-free tetragonal tungsten bronze relaxor ceramics

Результаты структурных, электрофизических и СЗМ-исследований текстурированных образцов высокоплотной керамики бессвинцовых сегнетоэлектриков-релаксоров K2Sr4Nb10O30 и K4Bi2Nb10O30 со структурой типа тетрагональной вольфрамовой бронзы использованы для анализа природы их релаксорных свойств.The results of the structural, dielectric and SPM studies of the dense textured ceramics of lead-free tetragonal tungsten bronze ferroelectrics K2Sr4Nb10O30 and K4Bi2Nb10O30 were used for analysis of their relaxor properties.Работа выполнена при поддержке Проектной части Госзадания Минобрнауки № 3.1649.2017/ПЧ

Direct transition from the rhombohedral ferroelectric to the paraelectric phase in a (Ba,Sr)TiO

A heteroepitaxial (200 nm thick) $\text{Ba}_{0.8}\text{Sr}_{0.2}\text{TiO}_{3}$ (BST) thin film was deposited on a (111)MgO substrate using rf sputtering. X-ray diffraction examinations confirmed epitaxial growth and rhombohedral symmetry of the film ($a = 0.39616(2)\ \text{nm}$ and $\alpha = 89.52(3)^\circ$ ) at room temperature. Polarized Raman spectra of the film were studied in the temperature range from 100 to 420 K. In contrast to a BST thin film grown on (001)MgO, the observed linear temperature dependence of the squared soft mode frequency suggests the displacive character of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in a BST thin film on (111)MgO